Electoral Reform and Gradual Democratization in Africa:
ثبت نشده
چکیده
This paper presents a case study of Ghana’s gradual democratiza through 2004. This gradual democratization three main factors: the role of the international community, civil society, and electoral reform. Data as well. The 1992 Constitut as relevant books were consulted, in addition to Chairman of the EC and Convention Party (PNC) found that Ghana’s gradual democratization was electoral reforms carried out by th acceptance of election results Ghana's first electoral turnover creation and design of the EC were essential, though not Subsequent political opportunities in a negative direction prevented in Ghana, partly by virtue of electoral reform Although the EC was created to help facilitate the transition to democratic rule, it became independent of government and chose to embark upon elect that have furthered democratization in Ghana. is recommended, should
منابع مشابه
Electoral Democracy or Electoral Clanism? Russian Democratization and Theories of Transition
t seems clear that Russia’s attempts at democratization and Westernization will not meet the expectations of Russia’s democratic reformers. As happened in previous eras of Westernization, only some elements of Western liberal democracy have taken root in Russian soil, the most important of them being competitive elections. Other fundamental elements of liberalism have not only failed to flouris...
متن کاملAnti-regime Uprisings and the Emergence of Electoral Authoritarianism
This paper explores the role of threats from below in the emergence of electoral authoritarianism. Mass uprisings for democratic regime change undermine closed authoritarian regimes by making it difficult for autocrats to maintain their regimes through repression and co-optation. Anti-regime uprisings also promote the establishment of electoral authoritarianism by toppling existing closed regim...
متن کاملDangerous elections
Why do some elections spark violence whilst others do not? That is a question that has gained increased interest from scholars during the last few years. However, because of the field’s relative novelty, and despite the vast literature on democratization and civil war, it is still a question that is not fully comprehended. In this thesis, a theory claiming that clientelism should increase the r...
متن کاملCultivating Rice and Votes: The Institutional Origins of Agricultural Protectionism in Japan
We explore in this article an institutional foundation of agricultural protectionism in Japan, a country long recognized as resisting international pressures to open up its rice market. Using our qualitative analysis of postwar politics of agricultural protectionism and a simple formal model, we argue that farmers in Japan have stronger incentives to mobilize electoral support for the governing...
متن کاملPolitical Liberalization without Democratization: Pan Wei’s proposal for political reform
This paper is a response to Pan Wei’s rule of law regime reform proposal. It agrees with Pan that the direction of political reform taken and discussed inside China is indeed different from the democratization that has been pushed by outside pro-democracy activists, including Chinese dissidents. While some Chinese scholars and think-tank analysts talk about political reform, they are not propos...
متن کامل